lluminated and Rubricated Manuscript, in Latin on Parchment. This portable Bible was made in Northern France in the 13th Century. This Bible style was originally copied in Paris around 1230, and this format quickly spread throughout Europe.

The Vulgate, meaning “common speech,” was primarily the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to translate the “Vetus Latina” collection of biblical texts into Latin. St. Jerome created this translation from Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic texts.

The name “Vulgate” was applied to this translation in the 13th Century and became the officially circulated Latin version of the Bible in the Catholic Church by the 16th Century, when it was affirmed at the Council of Trent (1545-1563 AD). The collection and order of the books which make up this version of the Bible differs slightly from the ones in the King James Version; it also includes all of the books of the Apocrypha, which would later be revised with the Council of Trent upon which the Catholic Church accepted only 12 of the 15 books of the Apocrypha.